In 1987, I made the scientific documentary of thirteen castles (fort) on the Mediterranean coast
between the two ports of Rosetta and Abu Qir, all dating back to the era of Muhammad Ali,The
castles were in a deplorable state, given that the British army destroyed them when they invaded
Egypt in (1881).Most of these castles are surrounded by sand dunes, and then, I immediately began
preparing for excavations in one of these castles, which resulted in the discovery of the castle and
the identification of its architectural elements.
In 1989, we began excavating the first of these castles, the Al-‟Abed Castle, through which it was
possible to uncover all parts of the castle, including the southern façade, the two towers on both
ends, the entrance, rooms and shooting holes with cannons, and then, a number of sketches were
made that will be shown during the study. The Al-„Abd Castle and other castles in Rosetta, starting
from Qaitbay Castle and the castles on the Mediterranean coast from the mouth of the Rosetta
branch to Abu Qir, are among the most important indications of the historical and architectural
importance of the military fortifications in Rosetta. The stages of excavations in this castle and its
architectural elements.
The excavation work carried out by the researcher was the beginning of the road to uncover the
secrets of this castle as a model for the castles of Muhammad Ali, and it helped highlight the
fortifications and define their features, solve all their mysterious symbols, and define all their
architectural and defense elements. The study dealt with the description of the castle, and the
excavations helped to show all the elements that were focused on by developing a descriptive study
of it as one of the models of castles dating back to the era of Muhammad Ali, and it is known that
there was a fundamental similarity between the castles of Muhammad Ali in terms of the basic
elements with some differences in the internal details.
The researcher was the head of the excavation expedition that discovered this castle, and these
excavations have had a wide resonance, as it is the first time that a fortress dating back to the era of
Muhammad Ali has been uncovered.
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Author Name: Mahmoud Ahmed Darwish
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Keywords: Al-„Abed Castle, the forts of the Mediterranean, Boghaz of Rosetta, the era of Muhammad Ali, excavations.
ISSN: 2632-7597
EISSN: 2632-7597
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