Volume 5, Issue 9

THE ROLE OF DIR DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRICT DIR - A CASE STUDY OF WATER USERS ASSOCIATION []


DDDP, a UNDCP funded govt. project, for the eradication of poppy and promoting sustainablemeans of alternative crops in the remote and rural areas of dir. the present was the initiated to explore the role of DDDP in poverty through the community organization in the shape of WUAs. The study was conducted in the three selected villages of dir. the study was confined in the three selected villages of dir. the study was confined to the utilization and distribution of water. a total of sixty respondents all of whom were the beneficiaries of the water users association, were selected for investigation through a predesigned questionnaire. It also highlights the role of the WUAs in the development of the area and the mobilization of the community. The results of the study reflected a positive impression. Many changes were observed in different sections like landholding, operated land, production status, infrastructure and developmental works, and social welfare. The study recommended that WUAs membership and enrolment should be increased, political infrastructure should be reduced and along with these recommendations modern inventions/innovations should be adopted, but these adaptations needs knowledge so these should be proper educational arrangements on the platform of WUAs along with the provision of funds.

SOIL GAS RADON MONITORING IN ODO ONA AS AN INDIRECT PROBE FOR LOCATION OF GEOLOGICAL FAULT ZONES []


Radon (Rn-222) gas, a leading cause of lung cancer, second only to cigarette smoking was investigated in Odo Ona, Ibadan, (which lies within Latitude 3˚50’ 0’ to Latitude 3˚55’0’, and Longitude 7˚15’0’ to Longitude 7˚25’0’) a population of about 741 405 people. Four monitoring stations were randomly selected where soil gas radon were monitored using CR 39 detectors for about four months. Average soil gas radon exhalation from these sites which ranged from 531.85 Bq/m3 to 970.35 Bq/m3 were significantly higher the USEPA recommended action level which was adopted by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria. The paper concludes with the health risks associated with these facts about radon exhalation in the area and concludes with useful recommendations.

DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERIC HIGH LEVEL APPLICATION PACK-AGE INTERFACE ON LINUX-BASED OPERATING ENVIRONMENT []


Linux-based operating environment in devices is becoming more popular especially on standard desktop computers and laptops. These Linux operating system are free distributabable and can be installed even on mobile and tablet devices. However, despite the uniqueness of these operating system software, its support on hardware components such as fin-gerprint scanners seems stringent. Fingerprint technology has become more useful even in many house-hold hard-ware devices and also in many technologies used in various sectors of the economy ranging from education, banking, security and so on. This study is aimed at developing and implementing a generic high level application package inter-face to make commonly used hardware devices like finger print scanner usable on Linux-based operating environment. The results show that this study work can serves as basis to implement other hardware components usable on many other operating environments.

WHY ATMOSPHERES OF STARS LACK METALS? []


Inside this process there is a process of growth and disintegration of elements, which is related to temperature and rotation. The atoms of the lower order are generally present on smaller objects: asteroids, comets and the majority of satellites and smaller planets. When an object’s mass is sufficiently increased, given other forces, too, it becomes geologically active. Its temperature grows inside and outside its crust, due to the formation of heated core. The atoms of the higher order are created under these conditions. The more active and warm a planet is, the higher is the presence of the higher order elements. However, at certain point temperature begins to destroy (disintegrate) higher elements. As temperature gets higher, a variety of elements gets poore.

ASSESSING HOUSEHOLD ACCESS TO MUNICIPAL ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SERVICES IN MAIDUGURI []


This study was designed to assess household access to municipal electricity supply services in Maiduguri. Questionnaires were administered to 381 households within Maiduguri metropolis using cluster sampling at ward level and systematic sampling within each ward. Interview was also conducted with key management staff of Yola Electricity Distribution Company (YEDC). Descriptive statistics was utilised in analysing the collected data and was presented in tables and charts. The analysis revealed that, 97% of the households are connected to the national grid. The majority constituting 53% utilised a single phase, while 31 utilised two phase. Majority of the households, that is, 63% have no metre to ascertain the amount of electricity consumed per month. It was revealed also that, 48% get electricity supply for less than 5hours in a day and 65% agree that the electricity tariff is not affordable. It was therefore recommended that, a power station should be immediately built for the other power line supplied to Maiduguri town from Yobe state. Prepaid meres should be enforced for all households in the town.

ASSESSING ACCESS TO URBAN WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT SERVICES IN MAIDUGURI []


This study was designed to assess access to waste water management services in Maiduguri. Questionnaires were administered to 381 households within Maiduguri metropolis using cluster sampling at ward level and systematic sampling within each ward. Interview was also conducted with key management staff of Borno State Water Board. Descriptive statistics was utilised in analysing the collected data and was presented in tables. The analysis revealed that, 53% of the households utilise pit latrines as their household sanitary facility. The majority, that is, 83% site their soak-aways on road setbacks. Only 7% of the household grey water is disposed into household soak-away, while the rest is disposed in earth dug pits or paves pits, open street and open drainages. The majority, that is, 64% of household black water is evacuated between 1 and 6years interval. Evacuation services for black water is not affordable as agreed by 83% of the households while 67% of households black water is treated before evacuated from soak-aways. It was therefore recommended that, Maiduguri master plan should be reviewed to strengthen development control activities in order to curb harhazard development and mitigate siting of soak-aways on road setbacks, improve and initiate water projects and establish decentralised sewer systems at ward level for easy collection and management of both black and grey water from household activities.

A SURVEY OF ANDROID PERMISSION PROBLEM []


Android security has been a hot spot recently in both academic research and public concerns due to numerous instances of security attacks and privacy leakage on Android platform. Mobile devices get smarter and increasingly provide access to sensitive data. Smart phones and tablet computers present detailed contact information, e-mail messages, appointments, and much more. Users often install apps on their devices to get additional functionality like games, or access to social networks. Too often, such apps access sensitive data and take privacy less serious than expected by users. In this survey, we discuss the existing Android security permission and existing security enforcements solutions between 2010_2015 and try to classify works and review their functionalities. As a result, mobile users are left to decide for themselves whether an app is safe to use.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE NARAYANPUR MANDAL WATER SAMPLES, NALGONDA DISTRICT, TELANGANA STATE []


Water is an important constituent of the ecosystem on the earth and essential component of life; therefore there exists a close linkage between the quality of water and the environment, which bears an utmost importance for the ecosystem. The quality of water resources is deteriorating due to the continuous pollution with undesirable additions of pollutants. Water quality is closely linked to the surrounding environment and land use; water is never pure and is affected by community uses such as Agriculture, Urban, Industrial and Recreation etc. The main sources of water pollution are urbanization, industrialization, agricultural activities other environmental and resultant global and regional climatic changes. If all the physical, chemical and biological pollutants are within the limits, then we may assume a normal or ideal condition of the water resources; otherwise one can say that the environment is polluted. The pH of ground water in the study area is varying between (5.27-6.57). It is observed that most of groundwater is alkaline in nature.Total dissolved solids (TDS) of groundwater in the study area vary from (452-2701).. Calcium & Magnesium concentrations are varying from (16-144) and (5-175) mg/l. Chloride concentrations are varying from (20-1080) mg/l. Nitrate concentrations vary from (0.35-100) mg/l. 45% of the samples are exceeding in desirable limit. TDS values the groundwater of the study area has been classified and observed that 100% of groundwater falls into the fresh category. The Fluoride concentration in the study area ranges from (0.95-8.17) mg/l. The sulphate concentration of the groundwater samples of the study area ranges from 21 to 300 mg/l. which below the permissible limit of 400 mg/l (BIS, 1991).

CONTEXTUAL FACTORS AND PUBLIC VALUE OF E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES IN KENYA []


E-government research has been skewed towards technological deterministic perspective mainly centering on technological issues. This provides no explicit guidance to the design and practice of e-government programs that result to increased uptake of e-government services. Theoretical discourse reveals undisputed consensus among e-government researchers that e-government uptake may be influenced by others contextual factors such as administrative and political consequences and should not be overlooked as they are valued. This study filled this gap by conducting an empirical investigated of the influence of contextual factors: ICT infrastructure, human capital and governance and the public value of e-government services. The study employed a mixed method exploratory, descriptive cross-sectional approach to realize the research objectives. Structural Equation Modeling was used to conduct statistical analysis of data collected. The study findings demonstrated that ICT infrastructure insignificantly contributed to public value of e-government services. However, the study revealed significantly contribution of human capital as well as governance to public value of e-government services.

PROSPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) IN NIGERIA []


The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is the new global targets for improving people’s lives around the world. At the United Nations Summit on 25th September, 2015, world leaders adopted the Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty, fight inequality and injustice and tackle climate change by 2030. The SDGs are built on the Millennium Development Goals MDGs. Enormous progress has been made in some countries on the MDGs. Despite this success, the result in Nigeria is not very encouraging. Against this backdrop, the paper seeks to assess the lessons learnt from the shortcomings of MDGs in Nigeria with a view to proffer way forward in order to achieve the targets of SDGs because SDGs will only succeed if they can succeed in Nigeria- whose rapidly growing population most needs the change that the agenda describes. The paper employs secondary sources of data because the necessary information required for the work is more easily available in documented form. The source of data includes journals, reports and findings of other scholars. The paper is anchored on goal setting theory and the indices of measuring development of a society advanced by Dudley Seers. The paper concludes that Nigeria was slow in meeting the MDGs. Based on this the paper recommends among other things that concerted effort needs to be put in place by the government in addressing the challenges faced by the MDGs in order to achieve the SDGs; more importantly, the government should be more committed to fighting corruption and to declare an economic state of emergency and return to the development planning era.

THE EFFECT OF NATURAL AND CHEMICAL REMEDIES ON WILDTYPE AND MUTANT ANTENNAPEDIA DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER []


Anosmia, the inability to perceive odor, is associated with olfactory nerve damage and culminates in abated food enjoyment and compensatory eating habits, thereby increasing medical risks such as high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke. There is a demand for natural anosmia treatments over their chemical-based counterparts, as the latter are associated with numerous detrimental side effects. In this work, the olfactory systems of Drosophila melanogaster were studied, specifically chosen for their highly-advanced ability to trace odor molecules at low concentrations. The study sought to compare natural remedies – coffee, garlic, and a combination thereof – and chemical remedies – lipoic acid – in order to determine whether the natural remedies tested can be used as a substitute for current anosmia treatment. Due to limited studies regarding the Antennapedia gene mutation in Drosophila that results in a secondary pair of legs substituting the antennas, this study explored the antennas’ olfactory role. Olfactory avoidance experiments were performed to study olfactory efficiency, which quantifies the ability of an organism to detect and respond to a scent. Independent, two-tailed t-tests were conducted between the mean reaction times of groups in the following scenarios: (i) control untreated group vs. treated, (ii) chemically vs. naturally treated, (iii) before-treatment vs. after-treatment, and (iv) mutant vs. wildtype. The p-values were respectively found to be 0.00147, 0.01015, 0.25172, 0.01989, and 2.2313 E-09, which, compared with an alpha level of 0.05, resulted in concluding a significant difference in four out of the five trials between mutant and wildtype reaction times, supporting that wildtype Drosophila exhibit better-developed olfactory systems than the mutants. Data revealed a significant difference between reaction times of every treatment and control; however there was no significant difference between reaction times of groups treated by natural remedies in comparison to one another. Data supports the hypothesis: the lipoic acid and coffee will reduce the mean reaction times and increase performance indices to the greatest extents. However, the results support the use of any natural treatment tested to create safer anosmia treatments.

MAGNETIC BASEMENT DEPTH RE-EVALUATION OF ABAKALIKI/IKOM AND ENVIRONS SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA, USING 3-D EULER DECONVOLUTION []


A research on magnetic basement depth re-evaluation of Abakaliki/Ikom and environs was carried out in the study area which is located between latitude 50 30’ – 60 30’N and longitude 80. 90 E. Aeromagnetic data were used for the study. The study was carried out to determine depth to the magnetic basement, delineate basement morphology, relief, structural and tectonic features associated with the area. The aeromagnetic data were subjected to various image, data enhancement and transformation routines. Oasis montaj and ILWIS softwares were used for data analysis. Maps such as the total magnetic intensity map, 3-D surface map of the basement topography of the area ,2-D wireframe map of the study area ,power spectrum plots of the aeromagnetic data of the area, standard Euler maps were produced. Results show that the area has a very complex pattern of magnetic anomalies of both short and long wavelengths. Result of the 2-D spectral analysis revealed a two layer depth model. The shallower magnetic source (D1﴿ has an average depth of 3.27km while the deeper magnetic source (D2﴿ has an average depth of 2.626km.The shallower magnetic anomalies are as a result of basement rocks which intruded into the sedimentary rocks while the deeper magnetic anomalies are associated with magnetic basement surface and intra basement discontinuities like faults, fractures and lineation. Structural analysis of these shallow anomalies using 3-D Euler deconvolution with structural index values ranging from 0-3 revealed two main structural models in the study area which include sills/pipes and horizontal cylinders/pipes. With shallow basement depth, abundance of intrusives and linear features which may have acted as conduit for mineralization, the distribution of minerals like baryte, lead/zinc, cassiterite, chalcopyrite and andersite, the ore bodies prospectivity of the area is high but the area is unfavorable for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation.